Ethics Exam Essay

1)Give the nail d hold definition Aristotle offers of eudaimonia? EUDAIMONIA MEANS HAPPINESS/ FLOURISHING DEFINED AS AN ACTIVITY OF THE disposition IN ACCORDANCE WITH COMPLETE VIRTUE WITH ADEQUATE EXTERNAL GOODS IN A COMPLETE sprightliness This involves ones life as a whole and consists in action in abidance with reason Eudaimonia is not achieved through pleasure, wealth, honor or heretofore meritoriousness on its own. What is an remote legal? Are external goods necessary or sufficient for happiness? While internal goods be more important, adequate external goods are necessary just now not sufficient condition for eudaimonia. remote goods from Aristotles view include good birth, sufficient wealth and friends. These external goods enable a psyche to practice complete virtue, because in many practices we use wealth (generosity), friends and political power (justice). Aristotle also includes good birth, good children and even outer beauty. Claiming that we cannot have the gui nea pig of happiness if we look repulsive, we are childless, ill-born or prevail in solidarity. (Book one chapter 8) Is virtue necessary or sufficient for happiness?Happiness expects primarily on character and action in accordance with complete virtue, it is not something we can passively receive from new(prenominal) people or external circumstances and good fortune. it is Aristotles view that virtue is necessary but not sufficient for eudaimonia. Virtue alone cannot bring happiness because someone who suffers the worst evils and has no friends or external goods would not be considered happy by any represents besides idealistic philosophy What is the most important aspect of happiness? Why? What kind of activities is Aristotle referring to? 3 different types of activity1. drill done for its own sake2. natural process and done for the sake of an end3. Activity both for its own sake and for the sake of an end Happiness is the highest goal because it is complete in its self, don e for its own sake.2) What is Aristoles view of self love? When is it good and when is it fully grown?Why do people confuse this? P1463) GIVE EXAMPLES of 3 virtues in aristoles, showing each is a mean in regard to feeling or actions (be specific) and say what the extremes of the intemperance and deficiency are. Courage the mean in regard to feelings of fear and confidence in threatening situations excess arrogant, reckless, rash, lack fear when requireddeficiency fearful, cowardice, timidGenerosity the mean in regard to the action of giving and taking resources excess wasteful, irresponsible, impulsive deficiency selfishness, stinginess, greedyFriendliness is the mean with regard to actions that cause pleasure and pain in others excess people pleaserdeficiency quarrelsome4) Why are the pursuits of pleasure and honor rejected as the good life?p4 and p19 1. The vulgar perceive happiness as pleasure, a life of gratification appears unoriginal like animal activities/grazing cows. 2 . The political person perceives happiness as honor, insufficient because it can make love and go and depends on those giving honor qualification it too external and superficial5) Are virtue and frailty voluntary? Can we change who we are? Explain aristotles view and your own Yes, virtue and vice are voluntary, both virtue and vice are in harmony with our desires and reason. vice develops after the character of someone becomes so that they preceive what is bad as good, this person according to aristole is still held responsible for their activity even though they cant on their own change their character due to their perception. I trust we can change with outside intervention.6) What is the relationship amid populateledge and virtue in Aristotle? Are the virtues of estimate necessary or sufficient for moral virtue? What kind of wisdom matters here? p1627) What are the 3 types of friendship? Why is the best one the best?p121 1. Loving the other due to utility2. good- geniusd the other due to pleasure3. loving the other for their own sake (complete friendship) only people of arrant(a) charcater can have complete friendship because it requires simular virtue between 2 people and ability to know and have confidence in the other persons character. It is the only friendship that continues past utlity and pleasure. 8) What are the three features vanity and friendship have in common?1. Enjoy spending time together2. Love the other for their own sake3. share in pleasure and painsWith self-love Enjoy yourself, love yourself for your own sake, have intrinsic value within yourself, and share in your own pleasures and pains. 9) What is the difference between a priori wisdom and practical wisdom, or prudence? How is each acquired? P90Practical wisdom or prudence a state of grasping the truth, concerned w/action, things that are good or bad for a humankind being prudence and virtue are necessary and sufficient for one another10) What is the difference between c ontinence and virtue? Is incontinence or vice easier to cure and why? p110 incontinence to know (or possibly just believe) what is the good action and choose otherwise, your desire is different than your reason11) Aristotles ethics depend upon no metaphysics or myths regarding the gods or the afterlife, yet he does make the assumption about human nature that equates goodness with happiness. What are these assumptions?Virginia HeldWhat are Virginia Helds claims are the 3 main masculine biases in report of ethics? Are they relevant today?1. Dichotomy between reason and emotionReason lucidmale as emotionirrational femaleReason controls emotions2. Split between public and nonpublicMothering natural and biological, women just reproduce life, driven by instinct, irrelevant to moral philosophy Man is human making history cultural, transcending his animal nature3. Concept of self as individualistic rather the dependent and having incident relationships.How it effects today just add wom en mentality is not enough to fix how emotion and confidential life has been left out of ethics. New theories are needed that include emotions, nurturance of children and social relations beyond the scope of business. This requires reevaluating the importance of the home and children.AchtenburgWhat are the 2 necessary moments in feminism? Which do you infer is important right now? 1. Claiming general human characteristics that have wrongly been called male (universal principles, dispassion, autonomy) 2. Elevating characteristics considered to be only female and devalued, (passion, particular relationships and community and connection, Feminist care ethics say embrace elevate sex dichotomy)I think it is important right now to elevate those female characteristics as valuable, for the private to be of value as equally as the public How does Aristotle provide a solution to the split between reason and emotion? 1. For a person with well-developed character emotions and reason are in h armony, not chaste continence, emotions and reasons have the same aim. 2. Emotions are types of cognition, all types of pleasure and pain are from perceiving particulars that are good as good and that are bad as bad MacIntyreWhat is the tension between patriotism and full-grown morality? Why does each view see the other as a moral danger? patriotism is a kind of loyalty to a particular nation this conflicts with liberal moral theory because liberal morals uphold impartiality. Patriots see liberal morality as a threat to social bonds within a community and that it endangers the survival of such because it abandons all reason for defense. Liberal moralist think patriotism justifies war and can lead us into blindly following our government