The Philosophy Of Pessimism And Skepticism - 1328 Words

How do we know things for certain? How can I be certain of the things I consider to be true? The only way we can know things for certain is through doubting the things we think we know, also known as skepticism. In this paper I will argue that skepticism is the best way to know things for certain because it acknowledges the presence of cognitive dissonance, self-justification and the things we can learn by questioning. I will proceed as follows: I will outline the concepts of skepticism, according to Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson, and the concepts of rationalism, according to Renà © Descartes. Then, I will compare rationalism and skepticism by explaining how challenging the ways we think we know stuff and cognitive dissonance can affect how we perceive things through skepticism and describing Descartes many principles based off of reason and how he uses these reasons to slowly affirm the things we must know for certain through rationalism. Epistemology is the study of how we attain knowledge or why we believe stuff in the way we do. There are many branches in epistemology to explain how we learn and comprehend things, but also how we can know things for certain. Skepticism, a concept within epistemology, is a way we know the things we do with certainty. By using doubt and questioning how we perceive things, we can examine the validity of the knowledge and ideas that people seem sure of or believe must be true. By assessing things skeptically, it allows us to comprehend thatShow MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment Was Rife With Skepticism, Self-Reliance1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enlightenment was rife with skepticism, self-reliance and discovery. Voltaire’s Candide boasts each within its three main themes; the critique of philosophical systems (optimism, pessimism, and empiricism,) along with social criticism, and utopian ideologies. Voltaire viciously attacks the Church, the Aristocracy, and the Military. This was perfectly in line with the core ideals behind the enlightenment, a time where philosophers believed in using reason and scientific experiments in lieu ofRead MoreThe On The Criminal Justice System984 Words   |  4 Pagesdemoralization influence of what David Rothman called, the failure model spread into most areas of criminal justice. Garland was influenced by the negative research reports and increasing crime rates by a pervasive sense of disillusionment and pessimism, because one institution after another was viewed as ineffective or counter-productive†. (p.61) Pollock (2006) in his book â€Å"ethical dilemmas and decisions in criminal justice† stated that â€Å"Our society today believed that many people repress theirRead MoreBlack and White Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sunset Limited, Black conveys Kierkegaard’s philosophy through his own life and words. 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Read MoreWatching What W Say2255 Words   |  9 Pagescontextualists, language, more so the context in which it is used, also plays a role in the way establish knowledge. In this paper we will focus on two contextual theorists, Ludwig Wittgenstein and David Lewis. We will discuss their theories and few skepticisms about their theories. A major contextualist claim is that our attributions of knowledge can vary from person to person based on the user’s context. The way we utter sentences, the many different contexts in which we use the words to form statementsRead MoreAtheism, Nihilism, And Nihilism1625 Word s   |  7 Pagesthey had in common with atheism or where they differ apart. Nihilism is the belief that all morals, values, and belief have no foundation. Nothing in the world has real existence and life is meaningless. This view is often look rather with pessimism or skepticism. Nihilism comes from the Latin word ‘Nihil’ which means â€Å"nothing, not anything, and that which does not exist.† It is also used in a lot of philosophical position. Thus such as that â€Å"there is nothing at all; that we know nothing at all; thatRead MoreIn The Future Of An Illusion, Sigmund Freud Gives A Genealogical1541 Words   |  7 Pagesquo. However, despite the significant role of the religious illusion for both society and the individual, Freud is optimistic that it can be overcome and replaced by scientific and secular ideals. In this essay, I will give an account of Freud’s pessimism regarding the problem of religion, which is expressed through his genealogical account of religion and the concerns raised by his interlocutor. Then I will dis cuss Freud’s optimism towards eliminating religion and his attempt to address the concernsRead MoreLiterature And Literature : The Novel One Of The Most Interesting And Significant Expression Of Humanity 1854 Words   |  8 Pagesmatters of religion, it gave rise to skepticism and agnosticism. No doubt there was much questioning, much criticism of traditional belief sin the Victorian era also, but the Victorian writer was not critical of the very fundamentals of the very basis of social and moral order. As R.A. Scott- James puts it, the twentieth century has, for characteristic, to put everything, in every sphere of life, to the question, and secondly, in the light of this skepticism, to reform, to reconstruct, to acceptRead More The Naive Protagonists of Candide and Forrest Gump Essay example3382 Words   |  14 Pagesprotagonists to illustrate their view of the world in which they live. Nevertheless, Candide and Forrest, surrounded by a corrupt society, and bombarded by various character defining events, are able to come to a higher understanding as to their philosophy of life.      Candide, by Voltaire, is a story about an optimistic young man who encounters various misfortunes on his search for an ideal world. Having unfortunately been kicked out of his home for the love of Lady Cunegonde, Candide suffersRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesBranches of philosophy The following branches are the main areas of study: †¢ Metaphysics investigates the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how

Mba Program, California Institute Of Advanced Management

SOHAILA INTERNATIONAL Consulting Report MBA Program, California Institute of Advanced Management (CIAM) IB.501 - June 3, 2016 Elisa Magill, Ph.D. I Executive Summary Sohaila International was founded by Sohaila Zyba, a world renowned Belly Dance Professional who is the currently running and managing the business on her own. Sohaila is a very accomplished dancer with over 35 years of experience. She has traveled and performed at several international venues. Her vast experience and educational achievements have both earned her the right and provided her with the opportunity to teach others how to empower themselves through dance. Recently, Sohaila earned her Bachelor of†¦show more content†¦For the purposes of this report, the following items will be assessed in further detail and in the order demonstrated below: Executive Summary SWOT Analysis Marketing for Retreats Promotions for Online Programs Conclusion Table of Contents Executive Summary.. 2 SWOT Analysis. 5 Marketing for Retreats... 8 Promotions for Online Programs... 15 Conclusion.. 29 References... 31 II SWOT Analysis Introduction In the business world today, there is nothing more constant than change. As such, most businesses would do well to pay attention to what is going on around them in order to assess anything that may be deemed a threat or a possible opportunity. A common practice in assessing this may be performed utilizing a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) Analysis, which may be beneficial during the planning process and when designing and refining business strategy (Helms Nixon, 2010). As most large organizations perform a SWOT on a regular basis, it is also noted that entrepreneurs have been successfully utilizing this tool as well (Ames Runco, 2005). Application Sohaila International,

If thought corrupt language, language can corrupt...

If thought corrupt language, language can corrupt thought This is a statement from the Politics and the English language written by George Orwell. He says, A bad usage can spread by tradition and imitation. The whole essay is mocking other writers on their language usage. He claims that the language is not used to its full extent. People use words the size of continents and in the end those big words say the same thing as a three-letter word. Those people also end up confusing them selves in the end. I do believe that language is changed by thought. After all it is the mind that is the one that thinks of the sentences and it s thought that may corrupt the language. After all language does not write it self on a paper. The mind†¦show more content†¦The opposition might spoil that for them. I wonder in the future if the world will in a way become some thing like Big Brother. One language, every one alike and no one is allowed to be different. What a boring place that would be. I can imagine that one day the world would have one language so would avoid confusions in politics and this would make traveling much easier. Also a student s life in high school would be so much easier if you did not have to learn three or four different languages. But language comes along with identity. Going to a different country and hearing a different language is something that might not be any more in the future. We might all be speaking English or a new language like newspeak might be introduced. Maybe the countries might keep their own language but that every country might have that universal language as a second language. But coming back to the point if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought, I do think that language can easily corrupt thought. Not to one self but if lets say, I tell you that the word believe has been taken out of the dictionary and you believe me and immediately tell all your companions this might cause a great confusion about language. I would be the one who spoilt the language, because what word could you use to replace believe? Synonyms of believe are: (according to oxfords Thesaurus.) accept, be certain of, be convinced of, count on, assume, conjecture, consider,

Compare and contrast similarities and differences of Porphyrias lover and My last Duchess Essay Example For Students

Compare and contrast similarities and differences of Porphyrias lover and My last Duchess Essay My Last Duchess is an example of a dramatic monologue. It is written in the first person an Italian Duke. The audience the Duke is speaking to is a representative of a count whose daughter the Duke wishes to marry. The Duke shows the representative a painting done of his late wife, his duchess. He starts by exhibiting it with a great sense of pride: Willt please you sit and look at her?, this is because he had it painted by a famous painter Fra Pandolf; That piece a wonder now, Fra Pandolfs hands worked busily a day. The Duke speaks of how beautiful his wife was called that spot Of joy into the Duchess cheek but also how she did not respect him enough, and he says he hired someone to kill her; I gave commands, then all smiles stopped together. The Duke is a very proud man my gift of nine hundred years old name he is saying here that when marrying his duchess, she took on his name, which was a gift and had a history of nine hundred years, he sees it as an honour. However he feels she does not appreciate it as if she ranked My gift With anybodys gift The counts magnificent pride is also illustrated through his enthusiasm for the painting of his duchess. This is why he makes a point of telling the counts representative the history of it and asks him to stop and look at it Willt please you sit and look at her?. From the Dukes title we can straight away see that he is a very powerful man, secondly we notice he was not scared to confess he had his wife killed: I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together. He sees himself as above the law, that no one could prosecute him for killing. The Duke has moved on from his late wife and is already in search of a new wife, this shows he did not necessarily love his late wife but that he wanted to have a someone by his side, someone to control and have them do what he wants. He is very selfish and seems only interested in collecting people like objects. Porphyrias lover is also a dramatic monologue. At first glance you note that Porphyria must be someone important as the name suggests precious jewel. This poem is about Porphyria a young woman from a background of high status who has become part of a relationship with a man from a low status background, who has an obsessive love for her. Unfortunately because of Porphyrias status she must keep her relationship a secret, as her family would not approve. Porphyrias lover wants to have a proper relationship with her, to settle down and live together. He does not want to be a secret, and it may seem to him that she is ashamed of him. So he sees the only way he can have control of her and keep her is to kill her. Porphyrias lover starts by describing the setting around the cottage of her lover: It tore the elm-tops down for spite, And did its worst to vex the lake. The use of the word vex indicates trouble and danger which prepares the reader for what is to come. Following this Porphyria appears to be angelic: When glided in Porphyria; straight She shut the cold out and the storm and all the cottage warm. It seems her presence casts out unpleasant things and she brings warmth to the environment around her. One of the first similarities and differences between these two poems are status and control. .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e , .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e .postImageUrl , .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e , .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e:hover , .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e:visited , .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e:active { border:0!important; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e:active , .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff45ba4490c9dac8c3f7940bd6eca51e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Grace Nichols' Poetry uses figurative language to achieve EssayIn both poems the person of higher status is in control of the relationship; in Porphyrias Lover it is Porphyria and in My Last Duchess it is the Duke. The difference to go with this, is, in My Last Duchess the man is in control I gave commands. In Porphyrias Lover the woman is in control she put her arm about my waist Porphyria is the active person. Both men want complete control of their relationships and almost ownership/possession of their lovers. The men want control so badly they are willing to have the women killed. Because the Duke already has a lot of control he hires someone to murder his wife. In comparison Porphyrias lover, who has no control, kills her himself, by strangling her with her hair. Hair can be quite a sexual thing and when he strangles her with her own hair, it is almost as if Porphyria, and her lover are killing her together, his hands and her hair. For the first time, they did something together and it was not only her in control, he has achieved his aim. Another similarity is the men are both killers, and the women are both killed. But the difference is, Porphyria is killed out of love, she is only killed because it was the only way her lover could stay with her forever. The duchess is killed out of spite and principal, the Duke did not love his wife as he just has her killed and he moves on, searching for a replacement. Another difference is that the Duke is a powerful man and sees himself as above the law, at his level there is only his law so he will get away with his wifes death even if someone finds out. On the other hand Porphyrias lover has no power at all and will be in especially big trouble because he killed some of a lot higher class than himself. In My Last Duchess the Duke was married to his lover, which should show a strong relationship. In Porphyrias Lover, Porphyria is only a partner/girlfriend of her lover, which should show they do not have as strong a relationship as the Duke and his Duchess. The ironic difference is that the Dukes marriage is weak and he doesnt love his wife he just owns her, this is why not long after her death he is in search of a new wife; the counts daughter he just likes to have a woman as a possession, someone to have control of. Porphyrias lover does love her and wants to keep her forever. Another similarity is that in both poems the men are telling the story. The difference that goes with this is that Porphyrias Lover is written at present, her lover is telling the story as it happens. In My Last Duchess, the Duke has moved on he is already waiting to re-marry he is telling his story in the past tense. In Porphyrias Lover he regresses upon killing her, contemplating whether or not, killing Porphyria was the right thing to do I am quite sure she felt no pain. But he reassures himself: All night long we have not stirred, and yet God has not said a word. If God has not punished him yet, then killing Porphyria was not such a terrible thing. The Duke in My Last Duchess only looks back on killing his wife when he tells the representative but he does not show guilt, he is more proud that he has such power I gave commands, then all smiles stopped together. Porphyrias Lover does not tell his story to a particular person, like the counts representative in My Last Duchess, Porphyrias Lover is just telling it to an audience, to anyone who will listen, usually when people do this they have something they want to get off their chest, in this case Porphyrias death. Again this shows guilt and regret from Porphyrias Lover, he still loves her and has compassion for her. The Duke does not care, he is only worried about himself, and he has moved on, this again shows he is very selfish. .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 , .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 .postImageUrl , .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 , .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147:hover , .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147:visited , .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147:active { border:0!important; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147:active , .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147 .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b5ea62f663199fe398f24af6f3eb147:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does the presentation of life journeys compare between Tita and Mikage in Laura Esquivel's Like Water for Chocolate and Banana Yoshimoto's Kitchen? EssayStructure is another major theme of the two poems. Looking at the structure is another way of seeing where control lies. Rhyming couplets show control and the rhyme scheme in My Last duchess, is rhyming couplets the whole way through, so evidently the Duke has lots of control. In Porphyrias Lovers there are only rhyming couplets towards the end, as he kills her, this is the only time in the poem where he has control. On a superficial level, Robert Brownings two monologues are very similar, with the bright, innocent ladies murdered by their twisted, neurotic partners. But on a deeper level there are large differences in the class and circumstances of his characters. In My Last Duchess, the pompous, cruel Duke murders his wife out of convenience. Whereas in Porphyrias Lover the lonely, isolated man kills his adoring lover so he can keep her with him beautiful and loving forever. He was sure that she wanted to die because she did not struggle: So glad, it has its utmost will. The Duke chooses never to stoop and is overly conscious of class and social etiquette. Porphyrias Lover is a total contrast to this. Instead of trying to be magnificent and powerful, like the Duke. Porphyrias Lover is silent and eerie; he seems to be disinterested in life, sitting in the cold, with the sullen wind and the door open. But the two characters are alike in that they share common values; they want to be appreciated and be the only person in their partners life. These values can be seen as very selfish. Porphyria in lines 21-30 is murmuring how she loves her partner, but she was above him in status so she cannot set her hearts struggling passion free, and make their relationship public. She seems very arrogant and assured of his love. And yet in lines 15-30 the impression you might get of Porphyria is of a sweet, caring girl who is besotted with her lover and is giving him a mini speech about how she loves him. Both women are uniform in their cheerfulness, as the men are comparable in their callousness. The men are intense whilst the women light. My Last Duchess is written in a statelier and higher approach. This immediately becomes apparent when comparing it to Porphyrias Lover, which is written in eight syllables per line and has a more ordinary feel to it.